1Jan

Compressor 4.4.1 Download

1 Jan 2000admin

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Captions are visual lines of text that are synced with a video. Captions are used primarily for closed captioning for the deaf and hard of hearing. Captions can also be used for subtitles, karaoke, scrolling news items, and teleprompters. Government regulators, broadcasters, and streaming services often have specific requirements for closed captions and subtitles.

In Final Cut Pro X, you can create captions for your project right in the timeline, or you can import them into your project. After you’ve added the captions, you can adjust and arrange them in the timeline, as well as format the text. Using Final Cut Pro or Compressor, you can then share your project with captions embedded directly in the video file, or as separate files.

Choose a caption format

When you’re creating captions for your project in Final Cut Pro, choose the format that best fits your delivery requirements before you start captioning.

  • For broadcast, web streaming, DVD, or Blu-ray, use CEA-608 (also known as CTA-608 and EIA0608). CEA-608 provides limited text formatting options, and limited support for languages with non-Roman characters. You can export captions in projects using the CEA-608 format embedded in the media file, or as a separate file.
  • For delivery to the iTunes Store, YouTube, and Vimeo, use iTT. The iTT format is designed to deliver captioned media to the iTunes Store. iTT supports more text formatting options and a larger range of languages, which makes it more suited for subtitling than CEA-608.
  • For posting videos to social websites like Facebook, YouTube, or Vimeo, use SRT. In SRT, each caption has a number, a start, and end timecode, and one or more lines of text with HTML tags. SRT provides limited text formatting options.

Create captions

In Final Cut Pro X, captions are assigned special caption roles. To add a caption role, choose Modify > Edit Roles. If you just want to add captions in the language your Mac is currently set to, click Apply. Final Cut Pro adds caption roles to the library your project is in.

If you want to create captions in other languages, create a subrole for each language. You can author captions in other languages directly in Final Cut Pro, or import translated captions into those subroles.

Position the playhead where you want the caption, then choose Edit > Captions > Add Captions (or press Option–C). Final Cut Pro places a caption clip in the caption lane, and the caption editor opens in the timeline. Type text into the caption editor.

You can also add, edit, and navigate between captions:

  • To add another caption, position the playhead, then press Option–C.
  • To edit an existing caption, double-click the caption in the timeline, then make your changes in the caption editor.
  • To navigate between captions, click the left or right arrow in the caption editor, or press Command–Left Arrow or Command–Right Arrow.

Final Cut Pro X and Compressor automatically check your captions for errors as you create them. In Final Cut Pro, captions with errors appear red in the timeline. An explanation of what's causing the error and possible solutions appear in the Caption inspector. Learn more about caption validation in Final Cut Pro and Compressor.

Format caption text

You can change the formatting and the color of the text, as well as the placement of the captions on the screen. The options available depend on the caption format you’ve chosen.

To format a caption, select a caption clip in the timeline. Options appear in the Caption inspector. A single caption can have a variety of text formatting.

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Arrange captions

After you add a caption, you can adjust the amount of time a caption appears on screen, and its position in the timeline.

To adjust the duration of a caption, drag the start or end point of the caption clip in the timeline.

To adjust a caption clip’s position, click and drag a caption clip left or right. You can also adjust a caption's position by nudging them using keyboard shortcuts, or by entering time code.

Try to avoid overlapping captions. When captions overlap, they turn red in the timeline, and error messages appear in the Caption inspector. To share your project, you’ll need to resolve any caption overlaps. Choose Edit > Captions > Resolve Overlaps.

Create captions for other languages

After you arrange all the captions in the primary language, you can duplicate the finished set of captions. Then, you can translate the duplicated sets of captions right in the Final Cut Pro timeline.

  1. Click one of the caption clips, the press Command–A to select all captions.
  2. Choose Edit > Captions > Duplicate Captions to New Language, then choose a language. A new set of duplicated captions appears in the timeline, and a sub-role is created for the new language.
  3. If you want to enter caption text in a language that requires special characters, add that language in the Language and Region System Preferences, choose the language from the Input menu in the menu bar, then enter text in that language in the captions editor.

To change the language that appears in the viewer:

  1. Choose View > Timeline Index > Roles.
  2. In the Index, select the language you want to see in the viewer.

Learn more about managing captions in the timeline index.

Share projects with captions

In all caption formats, you can share a separate caption file for each language subrole. In CEA-608, you can also share your project with captions embedded in the media file.

In SRT, you can import and export SRT captions as separate files, but they can’t be embedded in an output media file the way CEA-608 captions can. Unlike captions in other formats, exported SRT captions can be read and edited in a plain text editor.

Export captions only

If you want to export the captions only, choose File > Export captions. In the window, select the languages from Roles section, choose a location for the files, and click Export.

Burn in captions

Many share destinations also include an option to burn in captions, so they’re permanently visible in the exported file. In the Roles pane of the Share window, click Captions, then choose the caption format you want to burn in from the pop-up menu next to Burn In.

Share with Compressor

You can send your project to Compressor, which you then use to batch process for delivery to YouTube, Vimeo, DVD, and other destinations. You can send a project to Compressor as a standard Compressor batch, which includes one set of captions.

For projects you want to prepare for the iTunes store in Compressor, choose File > Send iTMS Package to Compressor. iTMS packages can contain multiple languages and multiple formats.

Work with captions in Compressor

With Compressor, add captions to a media file by importing them into a job. When you work with projects that already have captions, Compressor extracts the captions when you add the source file to a batch.

You can validate the captions, correct errors, adjust caption text and properties, and you can export captions separately. You can then transcode video and captions using standard transcode settings, or publish the video with captions directly to YouTube. Learn more about working with captions in Compressor.

Learn more

  • Overview of captions in Final Cut Pro X (Final Cut Pro X Help)
  • Overview of captions in Compressor (Compressor Help)

One of the new features in High Sierra, supported in the latest releases of Compressor 4.4, FCP X 10.4, and Motion 5.4, is a new compression codec called HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding); this is also referred to as H.265.

The key benefit to HEVC is that it will reduce compressed file size 30-50% without reducing image quality when compared to the same compression settings applied to the H.264 codec.

Adobe released support for HEVC in their video apps a few months ago, which was when I first started playing with it. During that time, I found that this new codec generally lived up to the hype: smaller files with equal quality.

So, in this article, I want to compare the two codecs and see how they are implemented in Compressor.

NOTE: For this article, I planned to test multiple files and compare results. But, as you’ll see, that will need to wait for a different computer and additional research. So, consider this the first installment of a series on HEVC.

GET READY

All the compression settings in Compressor default to H.264, except two:

  • An Apple Devices 4K 8-bit setting that accesses hardware acceleration
  • An Apple Devices 4K 10-bit setting that compresses in software only

My first discovery was realizing that my 2013 iMac does not support hardware acceleration, so the hardware-acceleration option is not available. (Hmmm… I wonder if that will make a difference?)

COMPRESSION – DEFAULT SETTINGS

For this first test, I applied the Apple Devices – HD (Best Quality) setting to a nine-minute ProRes 422 dramatic scene.


H.264 compression is the default codec for this setting, so I left all compression settings at their default.

NOTE: These settings created a compressed file with a 6.9 mbps data rate, as measured by QuickTime Player X.

For the HEVC compression, I left all settings at their default EXCEPT, I clicked the HEVC radio button.

NOTE: These settings created a compressed file with a 5.3 mbps data rate, as measured by QuickTime Player X. That’s roughly a 23% reduction in data rate

WOW!

The H.264 compression, using all default settings, took 1:40 to compress a nine minute movie. The HEVC compression, using all the same settings, took 1:03:22! (That’s 40x longer!)

NOTE: The H.264 setting took advantage of the H.264 hardware acceleration supported by my system. HEVC was not hardware accelerated because my system did not support it.

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A quick look at the file sizes shows that the HEVC version, at all default settings, is about 24% smaller than the H.264 version because the HEVC codec allows lower data rates without reducing image quality.

IMAGE QUALITY


The top image is from the H.264 encoding; the bottom uses HEVC. (Both are compressed to high-quality JPEG for this article.) To me, they look about the same, with a slight edge toward the HEVC version.

Keep in mind that the default settings use quite large data rates; just about any movie will look good with these settings. The key test is how they look using much smaller data rates.

SUMMARY

First, and most important, if you don’t have a computer that supports hardware acceleration for HEVC – which means Macs released in 2015 or later – HEVC compression will take FOREVER. Based solely on these initial default settings, about 40X longer.

Second, the current implementation of hardware acceleration on a Mac only supports 8-bit encoding. This means that you can NOT use hardware acceleration for any HDR material you want to compress. HDR requires a 10-bit file.

Third, if HEVC figures heavily into your future plans, newer and faster CPUs will compress files faster; both because of faster chip clock speed and architecture and because Compressor can access the hardware acceleration built into modern CPUs.

Short-term, if you don’t have a recent machine, HEVC is not worth the time required for compression. If you do have a current system, while the default settings are OK, you won’t see the real benefits of the new codec until you use much smaller data rates with custom settings – and that is a topic for a second article.

NEXT STEPS

I didn’t expect the age of the computer to have as big an impact on compression speed as it did. Consequently, it would be foolish to do any kind of serious testing or analysis using a system that does not support hardware acceleration for HEVC. So, I set myself several goals for my next article:

  • Get access to a much more current iMac for testing (duh…)
  • Research how compression speeds change when using hardware-acceleration for HEVC
  • Research whether and/or how Compressor is optimized for the new iMac Pro
  • Research whether compression speeds improve using more cores or faster processors; and whether the horsepower of the iMac Pro speeds video compression significantly more than a current iMac.

As always, I’ll keep you informed with what I learn.

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